Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.dor_БАК(1 2)_230915_Псх

Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.dor_БАК(1 2)_230915_Псх — вариант 9

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72 вопроса Вариант 9 Доступ 7 дней

Содержание теста

Вопросы и варианты

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Вопрос 1

… (1832–1920) was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist

Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Sigmund Freud
James Lange

Вопрос 2

… is a process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible, making the human mind like any other aspect of nature that a scientist observed.

introspection

Вопрос 3

Wundt established his psychology laboratory at the University at … in 1879.

Leipzig
Berlin
Stuttgart
Munich

Вопрос 4

As James saw it, psychology’s purpose was to study the function of behavior in the world, and as such, his perspective was known as ….

functionalism

Вопрос 5

… was an ancient diagnosis for disorders, primarily of women with a wide variety of symptoms, including physical symptoms and emotional disturbances, none of which had an apparent physical cause.

hysteria

Вопрос 6

The unconscious mind could be accessed through dream analysis, by examinations of the first words that came to people’s minds, and through seemingly innocent … of the tongue.

slips

Вопрос 7

… psychologists use scientific methods to create new knowledge about the causes of behavior, whereas psychologist …, such as clinical, counseling, industrial-organizational, and school psychologists, use existing research to enhance the everyday life of others.

Research, practitioners
Social, behaviorists
Cognitive, behavioural
Social, students

Вопрос 8

Match the perspective and its description:

Biological
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
The … perspective helps us understand how the body and brain work to create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
The … perspective studies the mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and modified in particular environments.
The … perspective arose as a reaction against the psychoanalytic view, which sees people as driven by unconscious internal forces, and the behavioristic view, which sees people as shaped by the external environment.
The … perspective emphasizes how we process, store, and retrieve information and how we use it to reason and solve problems.

Вопрос 9

Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:

psychologists’ activities are widely
varied, ranging from studies
of the links between biology
and behavior, to experimental
studies of perception and
memory, to the
diagnosis and therapies
of clinical psychology

Вопрос 10

A(n) … is a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time.

hypothesis
scientific theory
prediction
observation

Вопрос 11

A(n) … method for acquiring knowledge is one based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities.

empirical

Вопрос 12

Put the stages of scientific research in the correct order:

Make an observation
Ask a question
Form a hypothesis
Make a prediction
Do an experiment
Analyze the results
Report the results

Вопрос 13

Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:

this is one reason
why our scientific understanding
of the mind is so limited,
since thoughts, at least
as we experience them,
are neither matter nor energy

Вопрос 14

The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning …, and “logos,” meaning explanation.

life

Вопрос 15

Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:

psyche comes to
represent the human soul’s
triumph over the
misfortunes of life in the
pursuit of true happiness

Вопрос 16

Psychology is a relatively young science with its experimental roots in the … century, compared, for example, to human physiology, which dates much earlier.

19th
20th
18th
17th

Вопрос 17

These two scientists are considered to be the founders of psychology (Select 2 correct answers):

Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Sigmund Freud
Theodore James-Lange

Вопрос 18

Since the mid-19th century, two contrasting … to understanding the mind and behaviour have been a topic of discussion: the scientific and the introspective.

approaches

Вопрос 19

The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.

process

Вопрос 20

The process approach is founded on the studies made by these two scientists (Select 2 correct answers):

Pavlov
Watson
Freud
Lange

Вопрос 21

The principles of … are: complete scientific objectivity; the predictability and controllability of behaviour; and similarities between human and animal behaviour.

Behaviourism
Process approach
Person approach
Structuralism

Вопрос 22

The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour. This approach is supported by the psychodynamic, humanist and social-constructivist theories.

person

Вопрос 23

Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:

in conclusion, whilst
the process approach is
scientifically valid, the person
approach provides a wealth
of information not available
from objective observation

Вопрос 24

According to the humanist, Carl Rogers, … is at the centre of our human experience and each individual’s unique interpretation of reality is valid.

Self-observation
Self-awareness
Self-criticism
Self-obstruction

Вопрос 25

… is a critical tool for successfully navigating our complex world. Without it, we would be forced to rely solely on intuition, other people’s authority, and blind luck.

scientific research;;research

Вопрос 26

In … reasoning, ideas are tested against the empirical world.

Deductive
Scientific
Inductive
Industrial

Вопрос 27

A … reasoning argument might go something like this: All living things require energy to survive (this would be your hypothesis). Ducks are living things. Therefore, ducks require energy to survive (logical conclusion).

deductive

Вопрос 28

Inductive reasoning uses empirical observations to construct broad ….

Constructions
Generalizations
Commonizations
Statements

Вопрос 29

A(n) … is a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena. They are repeatedly checked against the world, but they tend to be too complex to be tested all at once; instead, researchers create hypotheses to test its specific aspects.

Theory
Hypothesis
Observation
Theorem

Вопрос 30

A … is a testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct, and it is often worded as an if-then statement (e.g., if I study all night, I will get a passing grade on the test).

hypothesis

Вопрос 31

A scientific hypothesis is also …, or capable of being shown to be incorrect.

False
Falsifiable
Falsed
Falsified

Вопрос 32

Match the antonyms:

Nature
Free will
Accuracy
Differences
Nurture
Determinism
Inaccuracy
Similarities

Вопрос 33

Descartes believed in the principle of …: that the mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body.

dualism

Вопрос 34

… refers to the extent to which having a given characteristic helps the individual organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other members of the species who do not have the characteristic.

Evolution
Fitness
Science
Adaptability

Вопрос 35

The field of … psychology is the study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour.

sociocultural;;social-cultural

Вопрос 36

The cognitive approach became the most important school of psychology during the …

1960s
1980s
2000s
2010s.

Вопрос 37

In …, information can be accessed only if one knows the exact location of the memory. In the …, information can be accessed through spreading activation from closely related concepts.

computers; brain
brain; computers
computing; memory
memory; computing

Вопрос 38

In the brain, …, which operate using an electrochemical process, are much slower but also vastly more complex and useful than the transistors used by computers.

synapses

Вопрос 39

Order these three stages of memory:

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

Вопрос 40

Encoding information occurs through automatic and … processing.

effortful

Вопрос 41

Craik and Tulving concluded that we process verbal information best through … encoding, especially if we apply what is called the self-reference effect.

semantic

Вопрос 42

Storage is the creation of a … record of information.

Permanent
Temporary
Limitless
Limited

Вопрос 43

In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages. Put these three stages into consecutive order:

Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory

Вопрос 44

… is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory; sometimes it is called working memory.

Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Sensory memory

Вопрос 45

… is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered.

rehearsal

Вопрос 46

Long-term memory (LTM) is the continuous storage of information. Unlike short-term memory, the storage capacity of LTM has … limits.

certain
no
neither
a lot of

Вопрос 47

… memory is also called non-declarative memory.

implicit

Вопрос 48

… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things. It is the memory for skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, how to swim the crawl (freestyle) stroke.

procedural

Вопрос 49

Explicit memory has two parts: (Select two correct answers):

Semantic
Episodic
Implicit
Declarative

Вопрос 50

Episodic memories are also called autobiographical memories. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed by … in 1972.

Tulving;;endel tulving;;Tulving Endel

Вопрос 51

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ….

Encoding
Retrieval
Reprocessing
Memory

Вопрос 52

… is the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory”

engram

Вопрос 53

The part of the brain NOT involved with memory is the …

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Pituitary gland

Вопрос 54

It is also believed that … emotions trigger the formation of strong memories

Strong
Weak
Prominent
Low

Вопрос 55

Match a sin of memory with its example:

Transience
Absentmindedness
Blocking
Misattribution
Forget events that occurred long time ago
Forget where your phone is
Tip of the tongue
Recalling a dream memory as a waking memory

Вопрос 56

An … is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings.

emotion

Вопрос 57

… refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

mood

Вопрос 58

Our emotional states are combinations of physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experiences. Together, these are known as the … of emotion.

Elements
Components
Parts
Partials

Вопрос 59

The … theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened.

James-Lange
Cannon Bard
Schachter-Singer
Lazarus

Вопрос 60

According to the … theory of emotion, physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently. So, when you see the venomous snake, you feel fear at exactly the same time that your body mounts its fight or flight response.

James-Lange
Cannon Bard
Schachter-Singer
Lazarus

Вопрос 61

The … theory of emotion is another variation on theories of emotions that takes into account both physiological arousal and the emotional experience. According to this theory, emotions are composed of two factors: physiological and cognitive.

James-Lange
Cannon Bard
Schachter-Singer
Lazarus

Вопрос 62

Put the phrases in the correct order to make a sentence:

the two-factor theory
maintains that the snake
elicits sympathetic nervous
system activation that is
labelled as fear given
the context, and our
experience is that of fear.

Вопрос 63

Match the theory of emotion with its model:

James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter-Singer Theory
Lazarus Theory
Heart pounding, sweating / Cognitive label (I’m scared) -> Fear (emotion)
Heart pounding, sweating / Fear (emotion)
Heart pounding, sweating -> Fear (emotion)
Appraisal -> Fear/Heart pounding, sweating

Вопрос 64

A …, or lie detector test, measures the physiological arousal of an individual responding to a series of questions.

polygraph

Вопрос 65

… developed the cognitive-mediational theory that asserts that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.

James-Lange
Cannon Bard
Schachter-Singer
Lazarus

Вопрос 66

The … system is the area of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The system includes the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus.

limbic

Вопрос 67

Individuals suffering from … show marked reductions in the volume of several parts of the hippocampus, which may result from decreased levels of neurogenesis and dendritic branching.

Posttraumatic stress disorder
Amnesia
Hysteria

Вопрос 68

… emotions theory provides a conceptual framework for the role of emotions in affective disorders.

differential

Вопрос 69

Put the phrases in order to form a sentence:

a cultural display rule is one of
a collection of culturally specific
standards that govern
the types and frequencies
of displays of emotions
that are acceptable

Вопрос 70

… is NOT a universal emotion.

Happiness
Contempt
Disgust
Joy

Вопрос 71

The facial-feedback theory of emotions suggests that … expressions are connected to experiencing emotions.

facial

Вопрос 72

Emotions are directly tied to changes in facial muscles. For example, people who are forced to … pleasantly at a social function will have a better time at the event than they would if they had frowned or carried a more neutral facial expression.

smile
cry
frown
laugh

Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.dor_БАК(1 2)_230915_Псх — вариант 9

Вопросы и варианты

Найдите вопрос внутри теста

… (1832–1920) was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist

… is a process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible, making the human mind like any other aspect of nature that a scientist observed.

Wundt established his psychology laboratory at the University at … in 1879.

As James saw it, psychology’s purpose was to study the function of behavior in the world, and as such, his perspective was known as ….

… was an ancient diagnosis for disorders, primarily of women with a wide variety of symptoms, including physical symptoms and emotional disturbances, none of which had an apparent physical cause.

The unconscious mind could be accessed through dream analysis, by examinations of the first words that came to people’s minds, and through seemingly innocent … of the tongue.

… psychologists use scientific methods to create new knowledge about the causes of behavior, whereas psychologist …, such as clinical, counseling, industrial-organizational, and school psychologists, use existing research to enhance the everyday life of others.

Match the perspective and its description:

Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:

A(n) … is a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time.

A(n) … method for acquiring knowledge is one based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities.

Put the stages of scientific research in the correct order:

Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:

The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning …, and “logos,” meaning explanation.

Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:

Psychology is a relatively young science with its experimental roots in the … century, compared, for example, to human physiology, which dates much earlier.

These two scientists are considered to be the founders of psychology (Select 2 correct answers):

Since the mid-19th century, two contrasting … to understanding the mind and behaviour have been a topic of discussion: the scientific and the introspective.

The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.

The process approach is founded on the studies made by these two scientists (Select 2 correct answers):

The principles of … are: complete scientific objectivity; the predictability and controllability of behaviour; and similarities between human and animal behaviour.

The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour. This approach is supported by the psychodynamic, humanist and social-constructivist theories.

Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:

According to the humanist, Carl Rogers, … is at the centre of our human experience and each individual’s unique interpretation of reality is valid.

… is a critical tool for successfully navigating our complex world. Without it, we would be forced to rely solely on intuition, other people’s authority, and blind luck.

In … reasoning, ideas are tested against the empirical world.

A … reasoning argument might go something like this: All living things require energy to survive (this would be your hypothesis). Ducks are living things. Therefore, ducks require energy to survive (logical conclusion).

Inductive reasoning uses empirical observations to construct broad ….

A(n) … is a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena. They are repeatedly checked against the world, but they tend to be too complex to be tested all at once; instead, researchers create hypotheses to test its specific aspects.

A … is a testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct, and it is often worded as an if-then statement (e.g., if I study all night, I will get a passing grade on the test).

A scientific hypothesis is also …, or capable of being shown to be incorrect.

Match the antonyms:

Descartes believed in the principle of …: that the mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body.

… refers to the extent to which having a given characteristic helps the individual organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other members of the species who do not have the characteristic.

The field of … psychology is the study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour.

The cognitive approach became the most important school of psychology during the …

In …, information can be accessed only if one knows the exact location of the memory. In the …, information can be accessed through spreading activation from closely related concepts.

In the brain, …, which operate using an electrochemical process, are much slower but also vastly more complex and useful than the transistors used by computers.

Order these three stages of memory:

Encoding information occurs through automatic and … processing.

Craik and Tulving concluded that we process verbal information best through … encoding, especially if we apply what is called the self-reference effect.

Storage is the creation of a … record of information.

In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages. Put these three stages into consecutive order:

… is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory; sometimes it is called working memory.

… is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered.

Long-term memory (LTM) is the continuous storage of information. Unlike short-term memory, the storage capacity of LTM has … limits.

… memory is also called non-declarative memory.

… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things. It is the memory for skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, how to swim the crawl (freestyle) stroke.

Explicit memory has two parts: (Select two correct answers):

Episodic memories are also called autobiographical memories. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed by … in 1972.

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ….

… is the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory”

The part of the brain NOT involved with memory is the …

It is also believed that … emotions trigger the formation of strong memories

Match a sin of memory with its example:

An … is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings.

… refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

Our emotional states are combinations of physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experiences. Together, these are known as the … of emotion.

The … theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened.

According to the … theory of emotion, physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently. So, when you see the venomous snake, you feel fear at exactly the same time that your body mounts its fight or flight response.

The … theory of emotion is another variation on theories of emotions that takes into account both physiological arousal and the emotional experience. According to this theory, emotions are composed of two factors: physiological and cognitive.

Put the phrases in the correct order to make a sentence:

Match the theory of emotion with its model:

A …, or lie detector test, measures the physiological arousal of an individual responding to a series of questions.

… developed the cognitive-mediational theory that asserts that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.

The … system is the area of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The system includes the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus.

Individuals suffering from … show marked reductions in the volume of several parts of the hippocampus, which may result from decreased levels of neurogenesis and dendritic branching.

… emotions theory provides a conceptual framework for the role of emotions in affective disorders.

Put the phrases in order to form a sentence:

… is NOT a universal emotion.

The facial-feedback theory of emotions suggests that … expressions are connected to experiencing emotions.

Emotions are directly tied to changes in facial muscles. For example, people who are forced to … pleasantly at a social function will have a better time at the event than they would if they had frowned or carried a more neutral facial expression.