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Ответы на тесты Logics.d

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Бесплатные ответы на тесты по предмету «Logics.d» — Синергия и МТИ

Вопрос 1Ответ открыт бесплатно

Self-interest alone

  1. Cannot establish the truth of a claim✓ Правильный ответ
  2. Cannot affect our motivations and desires
  3. Cannot be controlled
  4. Cannot affect our thinking
✓ Правильный ответ

Cannot establish the truth of a claim

Вопрос 2

A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that…

  1. Do not make sense
  2. Are unfounded
  3. Do not support any particular position
  4. Do not support preferred claims or positions
Вопрос 3

The sign of a maturing intellect is having the will and the courage to gradually prune beliefs that are

  1. Groundless
  2. approved of by our group
  3. uncomfortable
  4. unnecessary
Вопрос 4

Your believing that something is true…

  1. Makes it true
  2. Does not make it true
  3. Is irrational
  4. Makes it probable
Вопрос 5

Who invented Boolean algebra?

  1. Bardeen
  2. Claude Shannon
  3. George Boole
  4. Einstein
Вопрос 6Ответ открыт бесплатно

The worst approach to gauging the reliability of news sources is to …

  1. Rely only on news sources that reinforce our existing views✓ Правильный ответ
  2. Judge the credibility of all sources
  3. Consider alternative views
  4. Compare the content of several news sources
✓ Правильный ответ

Rely only on news sources that reinforce our existing views

Вопрос 7

The formulation a research problem is the most _________ part of the research journey because the quality and relevance of the project entirely depends upon it.

  1. Motivating
  2. Repetitive
  3. Important
  4. Trivial
Вопрос 8

Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?

  1. Objective reasoning
  2. Deductive reasoning
  3. Inductive reasoning
  4. Positivistic reasoning
Вопрос 9

Research that seeks to examine the findings of a study by using the same design but a different sample is which of the following?

  1. An exploratory study
  2. A replication study
  3. An empirical study
  4. Hypothesis testing
Вопрос 10Ответ открыт бесплатно

Q10 Some philosophers have asserted that believing a proposition without good reasons is:

  1. Impossible
  2. Morally wrong✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Rational
  4. Morally improbable
✓ Правильный ответ

Morally wrong

Вопрос 11

The interesting thing about worldviews is that…

  1. They are all false
  2. We all have one
  3. They are equally true
  4. They are beyond criticism
Вопрос 12

For critical thinkers, the best way to deal with group pressure is to:

  1. Proportion your belief to the strength of group influence
  2. Proportion your belief to the strength of reasons
  3. Reject claims endorsed by groups
  4. Accept only claims endorsed by preferred groups
Вопрос 13Ответ открыт бесплатно

According to social relativism, the beliefs of a society…

  1. Can be mistaken
  2. Cannot be mistaken✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Cannot be true
  4. Cannot be false
✓ Правильный ответ

Cannot be mistaken

Вопрос 14

Critical thinking concerns…

  1. Assessing the practical impact of our beliefs
  2. Determining the quality of our beliefs
  3. Determining the cause of our beliefs
  4. Pinpointing the psychological basis of our beliefs
Вопрос 15

The word critical in critical thinking refers to…

  1. A lack of respect for other people
  2. Attempts to win an argument
  3. A fault-finding attitude
  4. Using careful judgment or judicious evaluation
Вопрос 16Ответ открыт бесплатно

According to the text, critical thinking complements…

  1. Our emotions✓ Правильный ответ
  2. Our prejudices
  3. Peer pressure
  4. Our unconscious desires
✓ Правильный ответ

Our emotions

Вопрос 17

Statements backed by good reasons are…

  1. Beyond all possible doubt
  2. Worthy of strong acceptance
  3. To be believed with certainty
  4. Never false
Вопрос 18

The statements (reasons) given in support of another statement are called…

  1. The conclusion
  2. The premises
  3. The complement
  4. An argument
Вопрос 19

The process of reasoning from a premise or premises to a conclusion based on those premises is known as.

  1. Extended reasoning
  2. Inference
  3. Dialectic
  4. Subordinate premise
Вопрос 20Ответ открыт бесплатно

Q10 Words that frequently accompany arguments and signal that a premise or conclusion is present is called.

  1. Equivalent words
  2. Indicator words✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Premise indicator
  4. Inference words
✓ Правильный ответ

Indicator words

Вопрос 21

One of the warmest winters on record has put consumers in the mood to spend money. Spending is likely to be the strongest in thirteen years. During the month of February, sales of existing single-family homes hit an annual record rate of 4.75 million. This paragraph best supports the analyzing argument statement that:

  1. Consumer spending will be higher thirteen years from now than it is today.
  2. Warm winter weather is likely to affect the rate of home sales
  3. More people buy houses in the month of February than in any other month
  4. During the winter months, the prices of single-family homes are the lowest.
Вопрос 22

Which appeal are you using if you apply logic?

  1. Ethos
  2. Logos
  3. Pathos
  4. Minos
Вопрос 23Ответ открыт бесплатно

Counterarguments are statements that

  1. Address evidence
  2. Address opposing viewpoints✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Address similar viewpoints as claim
  4. Address irrelevant evidence
✓ Правильный ответ

Address opposing viewpoints

Вопрос 24

An argument intended to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion is…

  1. Sound
  2. Inductive
  3. Deductive
  4. Valid
Вопрос 25

An inductive argument that succeeds in providing probable, but not conclusive, logical support for its conclusion is said to be…

  1. Inductive
  2. Strong
  3. Weak
  4. Cogent
Вопрос 26Ответ открыт бесплатно

The first step in investigating possible implicit premises is to…

  1. Search for a credible premise that would make the argument as strong as possible
  2. Search for a credible premise that would make the argument valid✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Rewrite the argument
  4. Make a bad argument good
✓ Правильный ответ

Search for a credible premise that would make the argument valid

Вопрос 27

Modus ponens has this argument pattern

  1. If p, then q. If q, then r. Therefore, if p, then r.
  2. If p, then q. p. Therefore, q...
  3. If p, then q. q. Therefore, p.
  4. Either p or q. Not p. Therefore, q
Вопрос 28

The best way to learn how to assess long passages containing an argument is to…

  1. Practice
  2. Look for premises first
  3. Use the five-step method
  4. Look for false premises first
Вопрос 29

The invalid argument form known as affirming the consequent has this pattern:

  1. If p, then q. Not p. Therefore, not q.
  2. Either p or q. Not p. Therefore, q.
  3. If p, then q. p. Therefore, q.
  4. If p, then q. q. Therefore, p
Вопрос 30Ответ открыт бесплатно

Q10 An argument with this structure—If p, then q; If q, then r; therefore if p, then r—is called…

  1. Modes tollens
  2. Affirming the consequent
  3. Hypothetical syllogism✓ Правильный ответ
  4. Denying the antecedent
✓ Правильный ответ

Hypothetical syllogism

Вопрос 31

Repeating the beginning sound in words is

  1. Hyperbole
  2. Alliteration
  3. Onomatopoeia
  4. Personification
Вопрос 32

A comparison where one thing is said to be another is

  1. Simile
  2. Metaphor
  3. Hyperbole
  4. Onomatopoeia
Вопрос 33Ответ открыт бесплатно

A news report that conflicts with other reports you believe are reliable or with facts you already know is...

  1. Possibly reliable
  2. False
  3. Useful
  4. Untrustworthy✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Untrustworthy

Вопрос 34

The probability of any particular event occurring may be extremely low, but that same event given enough opportunities to occur may be...

  1. Highly improbable over the long haul
  2. Highly probable over the long haul
  3. Miraculous
  4. Impossible
Вопрос 35

Personal experience, though generally reliable, is...

  1. Difficult to quantify
  2. Not infallible
  3. Not trustworthy
  4. Infallible
Вопрос 36Ответ открыт бесплатно

Which phrase is not emotive? (Remember emotive language causes an emotional response and can cause an audience to take action.)

  1. Freedom for all!
  2. Together we can make a difference!
  3. Save the whales!
  4. They saw a whale yesterday✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

They saw a whale yesterday

Вопрос 37

How does emotive language persuade the audience?

  1. It creates a feeling of inclusion
  2. It poses a question
  3. It creates an emotional response
  4. It presents them with evidence
Вопрос 38

Put a word in this sentence to make the audience feel shocked, "When I say the result, I was __________"

  1. Elated
  2. Devastated
  3. Open minded
  4. Lonely
Вопрос 39

Our perception and memory are constructive, which means that what we perceive and remember is to some degree...

  1. Fabricated by our minds
  2. Omnipresent
  3. Stressful
  4. Disturbing
Вопрос 40Ответ открыт бесплатно

Q10 When a claim is not quite dubious enough to dismiss outright yet not worthy of complete acceptance, we should...

  1. Accept it tentatively
  2. Proportion our belief to the evidence✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Reject it tentatively
  4. Disregard it altogether
✓ Правильный ответ

Proportion our belief to the evidence

Вопрос 41

Fallacies can be psychologically persuasive even though they are...

  1. Psychologically impotent
  2. Logically flawed
  3. Deductively valid
  4. Inductively valid
Вопрос 42

The fallacy of appeal to the person is rejecting a claim by...

  1. Using rhetoric
  2. Making false statements
  3. Ignoring the person
  4. Criticizing the person who makes it
Вопрос 43Ответ открыт бесплатно

Whether someone is hypocritical regarding her claims is...

  1. Relevant only in court
  2. Irrelevant to the truth of the claims✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Evidence that the claims are false
  4. Irrelevant to her character
✓ Правильный ответ

Irrelevant to the truth of the claims

Вопрос 44

A slippery-slope pattern of argument is fallacious when...

  1. It is hypothetical
  2. There are only two possible results
  3. There is good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action
  4. There is no good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action
Вопрос 45

A hasty generalization is a fallacy of.

  1. Acceptable premises
  2. Unacceptable premises
  3. Deduction
  4. Acceptable but untrue premises
Вопрос 46Ответ открыт бесплатно

In a faulty analogy, the things being compared are...

  1. Complete opposites
  2. Not sufficiently similar in relevant ways✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Sufficiently similar in irrelevant ways
  4. Sufficiently similar
✓ Правильный ответ

Not sufficiently similar in relevant ways

Вопрос 47

Arguing that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole is the fallacy of...

  1. Composition
  2. Division
  3. Appeal to the person
  4. Appeal to ignorance
Вопрос 48

Rejecting a claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself is known as the fallacy of...

  1. Division
  2. Appeal to the person
  3. Appeal to emotion
  4. Tu quoque
Вопрос 49

Selecting only data that supports your own point of view, President Clinton being a moral man, being married and loving his daughter; talking about the Bible; going to church

  1. Composition
  2. Ad Ignorantium
  3. Over generalization
  4. Card staking
Вопрос 50Ответ открыт бесплатно

Q10 Your friends are your friends because you are alike, A person hanging out in a bar will be an alcoholic

  1. Ad Hominem
  2. Guilt by association✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Fallacy of opposition
  4. Genetic fallacy
✓ Правильный ответ

Guilt by association

Вопрос 51

Categorical statements make simple assertions about...

  1. Other statements
  2. Classes of things
  3. Complex assertions
  4. Classes of assertions
Вопрос 52

Each categorical statement has...

  1. A subject term and a predicate term
  2. A positive term and a negative term
  3. A universal quantity
  4. An affirmative quality
Вопрос 53Ответ открыт бесплатно

An A-statement has the form...

  1. No S are P
  2. All S are P✓ Правильный ответ
  3. All S are not P
  4. Some S are not P
✓ Правильный ответ

All S are P

Вопрос 54

The basic pattern of standard-form statements is...

  1. Subject Term…Predicate Term
  2. Quantifier…Subject Term…Predicate Term.
  3. Quantifier…Subject Term…Copula…Predicate Term
  4. Subject Term…Copula…Predicate Term
Вопрос 55

The proper translation of “Chevrolets are not birds” is...

  1. No birds are Chevrolets
  2. No Chevrolets are birds
  3. Some Chevrolets are birds
  4. Some Chevrolets are not birds
Вопрос 56Ответ открыт бесплатно

The four standard forms of categorical statements are…

  1. All S are P; Some S are P; Some S are not P; No S are P
  2. All S are P; No S are not P; No S are P; All P are S
  3. All S are P; Some S are P; Some S are not P; All S are S✓ Правильный ответ
  4. All S are P; Some S are P; All S are not P; Some S are not P
✓ Правильный ответ

All S are P; Some S are P; Some S are not P; All S are S

Вопрос 57

A universal affirmative statement is designated by the letter…

  1. I
  2. A
  3. E
  4. O
Вопрос 58

A particular negative statement is designated by the letter…

  1. A
  2. I
  3. E
  4. O
Вопрос 59

In an A-statement, the words only and only if precede the…

  1. Subject term
  2. Predicate term
  3. Negative term
  4. Quantifier
Вопрос 60Ответ открыт бесплатно

Q10 The proper translation of “Only politicians are crooks” is...

  1. Some politicians are not crooks
  2. All crooks are politicians✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Some politicians are crooks
  4. All politicians are crooks
✓ Правильный ответ

All crooks are politicians

Вопрос 61

We're guilty of hasty generalization whenever we draw a conclusion about a target group based on...

  1. An irrelevant property
  2. Inadequate sample size
  3. Enumerative induction
  4. All opinion poll
Вопрос 62

Mill's method of correlation says that when two events are correlated, they are...

  1. Unrelated
  2. Not causally related
  3. Uncaused
  4. Probably causally related
Вопрос 63Ответ открыт бесплатно

A sufficient condition for the occurrence of an event is...

  1. One without which the event cannot occur
  2. One that guarantees that the event occurs✓ Правильный ответ
  3. One that cannot guarantee that the event occurs
  4. Unlikely
✓ Правильный ответ

One that guarantees that the event occurs

Вопрос 64

A theory that is internally consistent is free of…

  1. Additional Hypothesis
  2. Contradictions
  3. Content
  4. External data
Вопрос 65

A theoretical explanation is a theory, or hypothesis, that tries to explain…

  1. How something is done or how an action is carried out
  2. Why something is the way it is, why something is the case, or why something happened
  3. The purpose of something, how it functions, or how it fits into a plan
  4. The meaning of terms or states of affairs
Вопрос 66Ответ открыт бесплатно

The criteria of adequacy include...

  1. Testability, scope, consistency
  2. Testability, scope, conservatism✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Testability, complexity, conservatism
  4. Testability, scope, fruitlessness
✓ Правильный ответ

Testability, scope, conservatism

Вопрос 67

A theory with scope is one that explains or predicts phenomena…

  1. That it was introduced to explain in the first place
  2. Other than that which it was introduced to explain
  3. Visible to the naked eye
  4. That are unknown
Вопрос 68

______________ is a payment system that rewards people for who meet set targets over a period.

  1. FThat it was introduced to explain in the first place
  2. Performance-related pay
  3. Time rate
  4. Profit-rated pay
Вопрос 69

Statements: I. Some cameras are photos II. All photos are pictures Conclusions: I. Some cameras are pictures II. All cameras are pictures.

  1. If only conclusion II follows
  2. If only conclusion I follows
  3. If neither conclusion I nor II follows
  4. If either conclusion I or II follows
Вопрос 70Ответ открыт бесплатно

Statements: I. Some poets are poem II. No poem is song Conclusions: I. Some poems are not songs II. Some songs are poem

  1. Only II conclusion follows
  2. Only I conclusion follows✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Either I or II follows
  4. Neither I nor II follows
✓ Правильный ответ

Only I conclusion follows

Вопрос 71

According to Marcus, moral dilemmas can occur:

  1. To individuals as well as groups of agents
  2. Only to individuals
  3. Only to groups of agents
  4. To neither individuals nor groups of agents
Вопрос 72

An ethical dilemma is ______.

  1. Where a decision is required but different values seem to conflict and it is not possible to uphold both
  2. Where the required course of action is clear
  3. Any situation where a decision has to be made
  4. Where decision is not required
Вопрос 73Ответ открыт бесплатно

Propositional logic uses symbols to stand for statements and...

  1. Truth values
  2. The relationships between statements✓ Правильный ответ
  3. The relationships between subject and predicate
  4. No statements
✓ Правильный ответ

The relationships between statements

Вопрос 74

The symbolization for a conjunction is…

  1. p & q
  2. p → q
  3. p v q
  4. ~ p
Вопрос 75

In a disjunction, even if one of the statements is false, the whole disjunction is still...

  1. Neither true of false
  2. True
  3. False
  4. Negated
Вопрос 76Ответ открыт бесплатно

In a conditional statement, the first part is the antecedent and the second part is the...

  1. Predicate
  2. Consequent✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Subject
  4. Disjunct
✓ Правильный ответ

Consequent

Вопрос 77

The name of the following argument form is... p → q ~ p ∴ ~ q

  1. Denying the consequent
  2. Denying the antecedent
  3. Disjunctive syllogism
  4. Modus tollens
Вопрос 78

In a truth table for a two-variable argument, the first guide column has the following truth values:

  1. F, F, T, T
  2. T, T, F, F
  3. T, F, T, F
  4. T, F, F, F
Вопрос 79

A conditional is symbolized like this

  1. p v q
  2. p * q
  3. p & q
  4. p → q
Вопрос 80Ответ открыт бесплатно

Q10 In a conditional statement, unless means “if not” and introduces…

  1. The adjunct
  2. The antecedent✓ Правильный ответ
  3. A negation
  4. The consequent
✓ Правильный ответ

The antecedent

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