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Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.ои(dor_БАК_ПИвЭ, Б-И, МОиАИС) (2 2)

Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.ои(dor_БАК_ПИвЭ, Б-И, МОиАИС) (2 2)

Просмотрите все вопросы и варианты бесплатно. Правильные ответы скрыты и открываются только после получения доступа.

120 вопросов Вариант 1 Доступ 7 дней
Содержание теста

Вопросы и варианты

Без отметок и подсказок к правильным ответам

Вопрос 1

… was the first general purpose electronic computer

  1. ENIAC
  2. CNAM
  3. UNIVAC
  4. CADC
Вопрос 2

The analytical engine was invented in …

  1. 1933
  2. 1833
  3. 1733
  4. 2022
Вопрос 3

… invented a machine called the Tabulating machine

  1. Gottfried Leibniz
  2. Joseph Marie Jacquard
  3. Charles Babbage
  4. Herman Hollerith
Вопрос 4

… was used in the first generation of computers

  1. Machine language
  2. C++ language
  3. Punched cards
  4. Java language
Вопрос 5

In 1837, … designed a general-purpose computing device, called the analytical engine

  1. Charles Babbage
  2. James Powers
  3. Vannevar Bush
  4. William Seward Burrough
Вопрос 6

… technology was used in the first generation of computers

  1. Transistors
  2. Vacuum tubes
  3. Motherboards
  4. High-end microprocessor
Вопрос 7

Harvard Mark I is …

  1. a punched wooden card
  2. a mechanical-digital computer
  3. a fully automatic computing machine
  4. an automatic sequence controlled calculator
Вопрос 8

Until the 1800s “computers” were …

  1. simple calculating machines
  2. any automated devices in the household
  3. people who performed repetitive mathematical operations
  4. electronic machines that can store, organize and find information
Вопрос 9

… computer is a type of computers that harnesses the collective properties of quantum states, such as superposition, interference, and entanglement, to perform calculations

  1. Quantum
Вопрос 10

In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called the …

  1. Turing machine
Вопрос 11

… is an electronic machine that can store, organize and find information, do processes with numbers and other data, and control other machines

  1. Computer
Вопрос 12

… is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or “chip”) of semiconductor material, usually silicon

  1. Microchip
Вопрос 13

International Business Machine’s first mass-produced electronic stored-program … was IBM

  1. computer
Вопрос 14

In 1944 Howard Aiken developed … l that could perform calculations involving large numbers

  1. Mark
Вопрос 15

The first calculating device was …

  1. Abacus
Вопрос 16

A mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 is called …

  1. Pascaline;; Pascal’s calculator;; Arithmetic Machine;; Pascals calculator
Вопрос 17

Match computers to their creators:

  1. Mark 1
  2. Pascaline
  3. Napier’s bones
  4. Personal computer
  5. Howard Aikien
  6. Blaise Pascal
  7. John Napier
  8. IBM
Вопрос 18

Match the sentence with the time it was written:

  1. BINAC and EDSAC were notable early stored-program electronic digital computers
  2. Until now, there hasn’t been any quantum-computing platform that had the capability to program new algorithms
  3. Developers have been trying to find a solution to this problem since the last century but still haven’t found one
  4. Nowadays many smartphones have faster processor speeds and more memory than desktop PCs
  5. Past Simple
  6. Present Perfect
  7. Present Perfect Continuous
  8. Present Simple
Вопрос 19

Arrange the events chronologically:

  1. Calculations are done on an Abacus by sliding beads across the rods
  2. Pascaline, the first gear-driven calculator, was invented
  3. Mark 1 was developed for army to compute World War Two ballistic fighting tables
  4. Apple II was the first personal computer with color monitor
Вопрос 20

Arrange the inventions chronologically:

  1. The Stepped Reckoner
  2. Atanasoff-Berry Computer
  3. Mark II
  4. UNIVAC
Вопрос 21

According to the research company comScore Networks in 2019, the number of Internet users worldwide amounted to … people

  1. 555 million
  2. 747 million
  3. 2 billion
  4. 7 billion
Вопрос 22

The second most important direction for strengthening accounting policies in the information society is the massive use of …

  1. passports
  2. GPS signals
  3. GLONASS
  4. cryptography
Вопрос 23

According to the … Institute, by 2055 unemployment will reach around 50 % of the total labor force (give or take 20 years depending on artificial intelligence growth)

  1. Oxford
  2. McKinsey
  3. Massachusetts
  4. Cambridge
Вопрос 24

According to Professor W. Martin, the information society is understood as a “developed … society” that arose primarily in the West

  1. industrial
  2. modern
  3. post-industrial
  4. post-modern
Вопрос 25

…. technologies are one of the most basic through technologies in many documents and by many experts

  1. Augmented reality
  2. Artificial intelligence
  3. Photonics
  4. Bionics
Вопрос 26

The author of The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States (1962) is …

  1. Frank Webster
  2. Fritz Machlup
  3. William Martin
  4. Anatoly Ilyich Rakitov
Вопрос 27

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, «information consciousness» is formed and affirmed with wide access to information

  1. social
  2. cultural
  3. economic
  4. technological
Вопрос 28

The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people is called …

  1. equality
  2. injustice
  3. inequality
  4. lawlessness
Вопрос 29

The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society

  1. industrial
  2. knowledge
  3. information
  4. post-industrial
Вопрос 30

… is the branch of ethics that focuses on the relationship between the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information, and the ethical standards and moral codes governing human conduct in society

  1. Infoethics
Вопрос 31

Cell phones are …, making it possible to provide everyone with communication channels

  1. digital
Вопрос 32

The term “…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in modern countries, particularly since World War II

  1. Information society
Вопрос 33

The most significant worldwide danger is the rise in labor … when information technologies are implemented

  1. unemployment
Вопрос 34

Cell phones are digital, it was the transition to digital that made it possible to provide everyone with communication channels, but without … in SIM cards, cellular communications could not become mass

  1. cryptography
Вопрос 35

W. Martin emphasizes the idea that … is “a key element of the information society”

  1. communication
Вопрос 36

Match the approaches to understanding the information society and their authors:

  1. W. Martin
  2. Rakitov
  3. N. Kurnosov
  4. the information society is understood as a «developed post-industrial society» that arose primarily in the West
  5. the transition to the information society means that the most important product of social activity is the production, operation and use of services and knowledge, and the share of knowledge in this combination is increasing
  6. the information society is dominated by remote communications, remote work and leisure; new relations are formed between people in the process of production and social activity
Вопрос 37

Match the abbreviations and transcripts:

  1. ICTs
  2. AI
  3. GDP
  4. information and communication technologies
  5. artificial intelligence
  6. gross domestic product
Вопрос 38

Match the people and the terms they put in use:

  1. Fritz Machlup
  2. Professor W. ‪William Martin‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
  3. Nikon Kurnosov
  4. “knowledge workers”
  5. “the information society”
  6. “developed post-industrial society”
Вопрос 39

Put today’s potential of automation in the USA according to McKinsey Global Institute from the lowest to the biggest:

  1. education
  2. health care and social service
  3. retail and wholesale trade, transportation
  4. technologies, media and telecommunications abacus
  5. hotel and restaurant business
Вопрос 40

Put the number of Internet users worldwide from the smallest to the largest:

  1. South Africa
  2. Russia
  3. China
  4. the USA
Вопрос 41

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …

  1. longer lifespan
  2. shorter lifespan
  3. big advantage
  4. small advantage
Вопрос 42

Talent, intellectual property, finance, and technical experience will always be in demand as the global economy is revolutionised by … technology

  1. old
  2. new
  3. great
  4. cool
Вопрос 43

According to current rates of growth in microelectronics, … of the world’s population will own a notebook-size computer with the capacity of today’s huge computers in roughly a decade

  1. 30 %
  2. 40 %
  3. 50 %
  4. 80 %
Вопрос 44

For the past … years, the design of computer processors has remained stable

  1. 20
  2. 30
  3. 40
  4. 50
Вопрос 45

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … in 1948

  1. vacuum tube
  2. bipolar transistor
  3. field-effect transistor
  4. insulated-gate bipolar transistor
Вопрос 46

Vacuum tubes were discovered to have a number of flaws, for example … (choose 3 correct answers)

  1. they produced very little of heat
  2. they took 1 to 2 minutes to warm up
  3. two similar tubes had varying output and operational properties
  4. they required high power supply voltages of 300 volts dc and higher
Вопрос 47

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it …

  1. produced a lot of heat
  2. consumed far less power
  3. took 1 to 2 minutes to warm up
  4. were less reliable and had a shorter lifespan
Вопрос 48

Another name for bipolar transistors is …

  1. vacuum tubes
  2. junction transistors
  3. field-effect transistors
  4. insulated-gate bipolar transistors
Вопрос 49

… integration is giving way to very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and wafer-scale integration (WSI)

  1. Large-scale
Вопрос 50

Demand for programmers is already outstripping supply, and some analysts believe that this shortfall will limit … usage development in the next few years

  1. computer
Вопрос 51

A … is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element

  1. resistor
Вопрос 52

… extends a private network across a public network and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks (give the abbreviation)

  1. VPN
Вопрос 53

A … is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field

  1. capacitor
Вопрос 54

The … transistor was conceived about 25 years before bipolar transistors, but mass production did not become feasible until the early 1960s

  1. field-effect
Вопрос 55

Match the terms and definitions:

  1. Watt
  2. Voltage
  3. Nanoelectronics
  4. a unit of power or radiant flux
  5. the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between the two points
  6. the use of nanotechnology in electronic components
Вопрос 56

Match the terms and definitions:

  1. Multi-core processor
  2. Capacitor
  3. Solar cells
  4. a computer processor on a single integrated circuit with two or more separate processing units, called cores, each of which reads and executes program instructions
  5. a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals
  6. an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon
Вопрос 57

Match the sentences and the missing word combinations in them:

  1. The application of nanotechnology on electronic components, particularly transistors, …
  2. As a result, even if current transistors are created using 65 nm or 45 nm technology, …
  3. …, rapid technology advancement has produced a plethora of new and exciting options
  4. At the same time, …, despite varying recessions
  5. is referred to as nanoelectronics
  6. they fall under this group
  7. rather than killing jobs
  8. output has increased
Вопрос 58

Match the parts of the sentences:

  1. Demand for programmers is already outstripping supply, …
  2. Because the employee is working from home, …
  3. The recipient, in turn, receives this email in a matter of minutes, and if there is a problem, …
  4. Microelectronics and nanoelectronics advancements affect not just the amount of employment available in industrial countries, …
  5. …and some analysts believe that this shortfall will limit computer usage development in the next few years
  6. …the company’s electricity expenditures will be reduced, and the employee will be more comfortable working from home
  7. …the system instantly alerts the sender that a communication has failed and that he must resend it
  8. …but also, the kind of professions accessible
Вопрос 59

Arrange the microelectronics in chronological order of their creation:

  1. vacuum tube
  2. bipolar transistor
  3. MOSFET
  4. SSI
  5. MSI
Вопрос 60

Arrange the microelectronics in chronological order of their creation:

  1. SSI
  2. MSI
  3. ALU
  4. LSI
  5. VLSI
Вопрос 61

The network operating system, which allows users to copy files from …

  1. one station to another
  2. RAM to built-in memory
  3. RAM to Cloud memory
  4. a station to Cloud memory
Вопрос 62

Debian is a pre-compiled software that has over … packages and is based on the Linux kernel

  1. 59 000
  2. 100 000
  3. 200 500
  4. 347 000
Вопрос 63

MULTICS was developed by …

  1. Apple Inc
  2. Kaspersky Labs
  3. Linux
  4. Bell Labs
Вопрос 64

A magnetic tape is one that had to be … attached

  1. manually
  2. alternately
  3. successively
  4. automatically
Вопрос 65

A piece of software that sits between the hardware and the user is an … system

  1. mediating
  2. operating
  3. facilitating
  4. moderating
Вопрос 66

The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto computer concepts, was released in …

  1. 1960
  2. 1984
  3. 1987
  4. 2001
Вопрос 67

The first operating system for the IBM 701 was created by …

  1. Apple
  2. Google
  3. Samsung
  4. General Motors
Вопрос 68

A … operating system, often known as a multitasking OS, works by dedicating time to a certain activity and frequently switching between them

  1. batch
  2. network
  3. real-time
  4. time-sharing
Вопрос 69

There are some of the potential advantages of real-time operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)

  1. they use heavy system resources
  2. they allow easy allocation of memory
  3. they allow fast shifting from one task to another
  4. they run on complex algorithms that are not easy to understand
Вопрос 70

There are some of the potential disadvantages of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)

  1. they minimize the load on the host computer
  2. they require a high level of expertise to maintain
  3. they allow a faster exchange of data among users
  4. if the primary network fails, the entire system shuts down
Вопрос 71

… operating systems are the systems that run on a server and manage all the networking functions

  1. Network
Вопрос 72

… is a Linux distribution that provides a free and open-source community-supported computing platform

  1. CentOS;; Community Enterprise Operating System;; CentOS Linux
Вопрос 73

… is an open-source Linux distribution built on the architecture and infrastructure of Debian

  1. Ubuntu
Вопрос 74

In November 1985, Microsoft released … – computer operating system

  1. Windows;; Microsoft Windows;; Windows OS
Вопрос 75

… OS is an Android-based mobile operating system designed for Amazon’s phones

  1. Fire
Вопрос 76

Chrome OS is another Linux kernel-based operating system created by …

  1. Google
Вопрос 77

Correlate the generations of computers with their descriptions:

  1. Computers of the First Generation
  2. Computers of a New Generation
  3. Computers of the Third Generation
  4. Computers of the Fourth Generation
  5. huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations
  6. computers were mostly utilized for scientific and technical calculations, with FORTRAN and assembly code being the most used programming languages
  7. the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other
  8. computers with Large Scale Integration Circuits (LSI) and silicon chips with thousands of transistors
Вопрос 78

Match the sentence to the tense in which it is written:

  1. Android OS is primarily written in Java (UI), C (core), and C++, and is designed for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets
  2. In 2014, Android apps were made available on Chrome OS
  3. The most recent long-term support release is 20.10 (Groovy Gorilla), which will be supported for 9 months
  4. Each version of Android has been given a code name that is confectionery-themed and in alphabetical sequence
  5. Present Simple Passive
  6. Past Simple Passive
  7. Future Simple Passive
  8. Present Perfect Passive
Вопрос 79

Arrange in chronological order the emergence of inventions:

  1. punched cards were developed
  2. the transistor was introduced and made computers more reliable
  3. the SOS (Share operating system) was created
  4. the first minicomputer DEC PDP-1 was introduced
  5. Microsoft Corporation released MSX-DOS
Вопрос 80

Arrange the operating systems in descending order of popularity in 2022 (according to website StatCounter GlobalStats):

  1. Microsoft Windows
  2. Apple Inc’s macOS
  3. Chrome OS
  4. Linux
Вопрос 81

Transferred data might contain some important …

  1. signs
  2. chains
  3. texts
  4. information
Вопрос 82

If you have an old system, the running process will be too … and inefficient

  1. fast
  2. slow
  3. clear
  4. unpredictable
Вопрос 83

Information management is an important part of knowledge-oriented businesses in the … century

  1. 18th
  2. 19th
  3. 20th
  4. 21th
Вопрос 84

The observations that apply to a common … information system also apply to a certain extent to data warehouses and data mining

  1. integrated
  2. real-time
  3. distributed
  4. embedded
Вопрос 85

A roadblock to data availability such as connectivity means that … (choose 2 correct answers)

  1. your data is too inconvenient for me to load
  2. your unclassified data describe company secrets
  3. systems are not connected to the same network
  4. users are not aware of specific data sets because metadata is not published
Вопрос 86

… is a person who identifies and analyzes business problems, and generates system requirements

  1. Project manager
  2. System architect
  3. Enterprise architect
  4. Business systems analyst
Вопрос 87

Data … is the process of combining data from multiple sources into a single system or in close proximity to one another, such as on a display, so that the user may access them from a single platform

  1. access policy
  2. access issue
  3. aggregation
  4. scalability
Вопрос 88

… is a technical person who builds new software systems

  1. System architect
  2. Project manager
  3. System designer
  4. Application developer
Вопрос 89

… is the world’s dominant software platform

  1. RTF
  2. SGML
  3. HTML
  4. WWW
Вопрос 90

…business is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers

  1. Retail
Вопрос 91

… is something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a person’s ability

  1. Challenge
Вопрос 92

… is data that provides information about other data, but not the content of the data, such as the text of a message or the image itself

  1. Metadata
Вопрос 93

… is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a non-profit organization, or a government body

  1. Management
Вопрос 94

… is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work by adding resources to the system

  1. Scalability
Вопрос 95

… heterogeneity is when database schema or datasets for the same domain are developed by independent parties, resulting in differences in meaning and interpretation of data values

  1. Semantic
Вопрос 96

… business is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers

  1. Retail
Вопрос 97

Establish a correspondence between the abbreviation and the definition:

  1. ISO
  2. CORBA
  3. XML
  4. SQL
  5. International Standards Organization
  6. Common Object Request Broker Architecture
  7. Extensible Markup Language
  8. Structured Query Language
Вопрос 98

Establish a correspondence between the concept and the definition:

  1. Standards
  2. Legacy systems
  3. Data aggregation
  4. Scalability
  5. they promote inter-service interoperability, meaning exchanging and making use of information, and interoperability between various component systems within the same service
  6. it is any system you have, they contain corporate knowledge
  7. it is the process of combining data from multiple sources into a single system or in close proximity to one another, such as on a display, so that the user may access them from a single platform
  8. it is a difficulty that develops when a solution that works for a small data set fails to function for a much larger data set due to a combinatorial explosion, such as in comparands
Вопрос 99

Identify the sequence of information management steps:

  1. the acquisition of information from one or more sources
  2. the custodianship and the distribution of that information to those who need
  3. ultimate disposal of information through archiving or deletion
Вопрос 100

Arrange the stages of the development of the internet in chronological order:

  1. the first connection between Stanford and UCLA organisers, the emergence of ARPANET
  2. creation of Ethernet – the first local communication
  3. the first spam appeared; the first unsolicited email was sent, reaching 600 ARPANET users
  4. Tim Berners-Lee creates the first web page aimed at explaining what the World Wide Web is
Вопрос 101

The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over … years, with more than 5 million installed copies

  1. twenty
  2. thirty
  3. forty
  4. fifty
Вопрос 102

… means compilers produce code that does not contain absolute addresses

  1. Relocatability
  2. Performance
  3. Scalability
  4. System integration
Вопрос 103

… AE has been ported to leading high-availability CompactPCI platforms such as the CPX8000 from Motorola Computer Group

  1. VxWorks
  2. VRTX
  3. CHORUS
  4. OS-9
Вопрос 104

…. ensure the uninterrupted operation of vital systems, therefore, if a failure occurs or some illegal operations are performed, the OS must diagnose them, if necessary, block the program or isolate applications from each other, initiate recovery and protection of other programs or the system itself

  1. RTOS
  2. BOS
  3. DOS
  4. RTS
Вопрос 105

RTOS are operating systems that are characterized by … (choose 3 correct answers)

  1. high level of readiness
  2. guaranteed response time
  3. unlimited memory resources
  4. low performance
Вопрос 106

Context switch time is the time interval from …

  1. an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event
  2. the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended
  3. the end of the execution of the last instruction of one process (thread) to the start of the execution of the first instruction of the next process (thread)
  4. the end of the execution of the last user interrupt handler instruction to the execution of the first instruction of the process that entered the state due to this interrupt
Вопрос 107

The benefits of specialized RTOS include … (choose 2 correct answers)

  1. intolerance
  2. top performance
  3. long development time
  4. the greatest compactness
Вопрос 108

… systems are computerized systems used in manufacturing to track and document the transformation of raw materials to finished goods

  1. execution
Вопрос 109

… is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft

  1. Windows
Вопрос 110

The interrupt … is the time interval from an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event

  1. latency
Вопрос 111

… time is the time interval from the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended

  1. Response
Вопрос 112

… switch time is the time interval from the end of the execution of the last instruction of one process (thread) to the start of the execution of the first instruction of the next process (thread)

  1. Context
Вопрос 113

… latency is the time interval from the end of the execution of the last user interrupt handler instruction to the execution of the first instruction of the process that entered the state due to this interrupt

  1. Scheduling
Вопрос 114

… memory is a memory management technique that provides an idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine which creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory

  1. Virtual
Вопрос 115

Match the units of data measurement with their characteristics:

  1. Bit
  2. Kilobyte (kb)
  3. Gigabyte (Gb)
  4. is the smallest unit of measurement
  5. is approximately 1000 bytes, or the equivalent of 1000 characters
  6. is approximately 1000 Mb, or the equivalent of one billion characters
Вопрос 116

Match the components of QNX with their characteristics:

  1. Microkernel
  2. Process manager
  3. Device manager
  4. Network manager
  5. it is protected by several layers of protection
  6. responsible for creating and deleting processes, memory management, timers and coprocessor emulation, and diagnostics
  7. a type of system process that keeps specific hardware running smoothly
  8. a bottleneck in most operating systems and usually creates significant problems for RTOS
Вопрос 117

Match the concepts with their characteristics:

  1. The interrupt latency
  2. Task response time
  3. Context switch time
  4. Scheduling latency
  5. the time interval from an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event
  6. the time interval from the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended
  7. the time interval from the end of the execution of the last instruction of one process (thread) to the start of the execution of the first instruction of the next process (thread)
  8. the time interval from the end of the execution of the last user interrupt handler instruction to the execution of the first instruction of the process that entered the state due to this interrupt
Вопрос 118

Establish a correspondence between RTOS and their types:

  1. RTOS types by software development method
  2. RTOS types by origin
  3. Types of RTOS by internal structure
  4. host-target RTOS
  5. “regular” OS
  6. object-oriented type
Вопрос 119

Arrange the operating systems in chronological order of their release dates:

  1. Android OS
  2. Linux
  3. QNX
Вопрос 120

Arrange the states of tasks in typical RTOS designs in chronological order:

  1. running (executing on the CPU)
  2. ready (ready to be executed)
  3. blocked (waiting for an event, I/O for example)