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Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.ои(dor_БАК(1 2)_221201_ПИвЭ, Б-И, МОиАИС) (1 2)

Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.ои(dor_БАК(1 2)_221201_ПИвЭ, Б-И, МОиАИС) (1 2)

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62 вопроса Вариант 1 Доступ 7 дней
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Вопросы и варианты

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Вопрос 1

The slide rule in its basic form uses … logarithmic scales to allow fast multiplication and division of numbers

  1. two
  2. three
  3. four
  4. five
Вопрос 2

Burroughs converted to electronic desk … and in the mid to late 1970s their products dropped from the market

  1. abacus
  2. memory
  3. calculators
  4. block note
Вопрос 3

In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …

  1. the Colossus
  2. the Turing machine
  3. the Differential Analyzer
  4. the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine
Вопрос 4

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from …

  1. 1575
  2. 1613
  3. 1753
  4. 1801
Вопрос 5

The explosion in world population and the rise of globalised trade demanded even faster and more flexible tools for processing …

  1. data
  2. trading
  3. building
  4. shipment
Вопрос 6

A general-purpose computing device called the analytical engine was developed in 1837 by …

  1. James Powers
  2. Vannevar Bush
  3. Charles Babbage
  4. William Seward Burrough
Вопрос 7

The … is a small-scale special-purpose electronic digital machine for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations and the first electronic computer incorporating vacuum tubes for digital computation

  1. Colossus
  2. Turing machine
  3. Differential Analyzer
  4. Atanasoff-Berry computer
Вопрос 8

… are made for program logic and for computer memory

  1. Monitors
  2. Usb-ports
  3. Vacuum tubes
  4. Microchips
Вопрос 9

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The power of computers (double) … roughly every 18 months to 2 years since the 1960s”

  1. has doubled
Вопрос 10

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “What will the computers of the future (look) … like?”

  1. look
Вопрос 11

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Displays (attain) … VGA resolution by 1988, and 256-color screens were available by 1993”

  1. have attained
Вопрос 12

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Resolutions and colors of computers (progress) … quickly by 2022”

  1. have progressed
Вопрос 13

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Years ago this service (can) … be used to run algorithms and experiments, and explore tutorials and simulations around what might be possible with quantum computing”

  1. could
Вопрос 14

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Around the same period Intel (create) … three microprocessor designs”

  1. created
Вопрос 15

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The microchip which (be) … a key component in the development of the personal computer”

  1. was
Вопрос 16

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “In 1944 Howard Aiken (develop) … Mark l that could perform calculations involving large numbers”

  1. developed
Вопрос 17

Match machines to their characteristics:

  1. Jacquard Loom
  2. Analytical Engine
  3. Z3
  4. Harvard Mark I
  5. punched wooden cards
  6. mechanical-digital computer
  7. fully automatic computing machine
  8. automatic sequence controlled calculator
Вопрос 18

Match computers to their characteristics:

  1. IBM
  2. Apple
  3. Mark 1
  4. ENIAC
  5. manufactured an easy-to-use computer with keyboard and mouse
  6. stands for International Business Machine
  7. the first computer
  8. stands Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
Вопрос 19

Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:

  1. abacus
  2. Napier’s bones
  3. Analytical Engine
  4. ENIAC
  5. UNIVAC
Вопрос 20

Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:

  1. Mark 1
  2. Atanasoff-Berry Computer
  3. Z1
  4. abacus
  5. EDVAC
Вопрос 21

The description of a type of microcomputer is down below: “This type of microcomputer is just like a Mobile Device, but bigger than Smartphone and smaller then Notebook Computer. Just like Totally Smartphone feature like Touch screen display, power full Battery Backup and we can calling and receiving call and click pictures and anything”. Find out, what kind of microcomputer it is.

  1. This is a description of the tablet
  2. This is a description of the laptop
  3. This is a description of the smartphone
Вопрос 22

The term “information…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies

  1. people
  2. society
  3. industry
  4. world
Вопрос 23

Speaking about the development of the information society in Russia, I. N. Kurnosov writes that “the strategy for the formation of the information society in the transition period to a new system of property relations … take into account the special role and responsibility of the state”

  1. must
  2. should
  3. have to
  4. to have to
Вопрос 24

The information society is established in those countries – … – in which a post-industrial society was formed in the 60s and 70s

  1. in Brazil, Saudi Arabia, China
  2. in Japan, the USA, Western Europe
  3. in Indonesia, India, Singapore
  4. in Russia, Poland, Georgia
Вопрос 25

The network can serve as a means of … propaganda materials of criminal organizations, recipes for the manufacture of explosives and poisonous substances, weapons, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and methods for breaking electronic and other ciphers

  1. disseminating
  2. decreasing
  3. reduction
  4. removal
Вопрос 26

One of the advantages of Russia is an advantageous geographical location between trade and information and telecommunication flows …

  1. South-East
  2. West-East
  3. South-North
  4. North-East
Вопрос 27

It … be noted that the problem of inequality in access to new information technologies is acute not only at the international level, but also at the micro level within each individual state

  1. must
  2. have to
  3. has to
  4. should
Вопрос 28

The term “developed post-industrial society” was introduced by …

  1. W. Martin
  2. I. Rakitov
  3. N. Kurnosov
  4. F. Machlup
Вопрос 29

The largest number of internet users currently in …

  1. China
  2. Russia
  3. the USA
  4. South Africa
Вопрос 30

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, the main characteristics of the information society are information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life

  1. social
  2. cultural
  3. economic
  4. technological
Вопрос 31

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year is … (give the abbreviation)

  1. GPD
Вопрос 32

Information … must be viewed from two perspectives: as an independent industry, with its science, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities and as a basis for transformation of almost all areas of human activity

  1. technology
Вопрос 33

A system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital is … economy

  1. knowledge
Вопрос 34

The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people, is called …

  1. inequality;; inequalities
Вопрос 35

The “information economy” and “post-industrial society”, two concepts from that period, are still key parts of the information … concept

  1. society
Вопрос 36

The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society

  1. postindustrial;; post-industrial
Вопрос 37

A process of spreading the use of digital technology such as computers and the internet to do something is called …

  1. digitalization;; digitalisation
Вопрос 38

Match the main characteristics of the information society according to the following criteria by W. Martin:

  1. Technological
  2. Social
  3. Economic
  4. Political
  5. Cultural
  6. freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus among different classes and social strata of the population
  7. information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment
  8. recognition of the cultural value of information by promoting the assertion of information values in the interests of the development of the individual and society as a whole
  9. information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, “information consciousness” is formed and affirmed with wide access to information
  10. the key factor is information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life
Вопрос 39

Match the sentence with the time it was written:

  1. Economists, sociologists, and other researchers began to investigate the effects of telecommunications and computing technologies on mature industrial countries during the 1950s and 1970s
  2. For practically all of human history, labor has been sacral for the majority of people
  3. Gartner has been studying and publishing the dynamics of the emergence and development of information technology for several years
  4. The term “information society” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes
  5. Present Perfect
  6. Present Perfect Continuous
  7. Present Simple
  8. Past Simple
Вопрос 40

Put the number of Internet users worldwide from the largest to the smallest:

  1. Russia
  2. China
  3. the USA
  4. Africa
Вопрос 41

According to the research company comScore Networks in 2019, the number of Internet users worldwide amounted to 747 million people. The United States has the largest audience of Internet users – 153.4 million people, that is, almost every second American regularly goes online. In second place is China – in China today 86.8 million Internet users. Russia still occupies 13th place in terms of the number of people connected to the Network – 12.7 million people. However, Africa with 800 million people accounts for only 1 % of the total number of its users in the world, with 90 % of them living in South Africa. Identify the type of information society problem in the above case study.

  1. labor unemployment
  2. inequality of countries and regions
  3. insecurity of personal data
Вопрос 42

The last decade’s technological advancements have played a … part in the formation of modern society

  1. poor
  2. small
  3. significant
  4. inconsiderable
Вопрос 43

The development of integrated circuits and storage devices has continued at an exponential rate; each subsequent halving of component size now takes …

  1. one year
  2. five years
  3. two or three years
  4. four or six years
Вопрос 44

Nanoelectronics is the most … breakthrough in technical development

  1. perfect
  2. distant
  3. ancient
  4. recent
Вопрос 45

The early transistors were not only larger than the smallest tubes, but they were also more …

  1. expensive
  2. powerful
  3. low
  4. cheap
Вопрос 46

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …

  1. less power
  2. more power
  3. less voltage
  4. more voltage
Вопрос 47

The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices

  1. list
  2. future
  3. number
  4. character
Вопрос 48

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the bipolar transistor in …

  1. 1935
  2. 1948
  3. 1964
  4. 1992
Вопрос 49

… integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)

  1. Small-scale
Вопрос 50

The advent of ways for creating the numerous functional units on a crystal of semiconductor materials was critical to the development of …

  1. microelectronics
Вопрос 51

Charge carriers from both polarities are involved in the operation of … transistors

  1. bipolar
Вопрос 52

The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect …, which stands for MOSFET, is the most common in microelectronics

  1. transistor
Вопрос 53

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube

  1. vacuum
Вопрос 54

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … transistor in 1948

  1. bipolar
Вопрос 55

“Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than e.g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes

  1. memory
Вопрос 56

Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 … on a chip but fewer than approximately 200 (MSI)

  1. gates
Вопрос 57

Match the abbreviations and transcripts:

  1. MSI
  2. ALU
  3. SSI
  4. LSI
  5. medium-scale integrated circuits
  6. arithmetic and logic unit
  7. small-scale integrated circuits
  8. large-scale integrated circuit
Вопрос 58

Match the parts of one sentence:

  1. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley…
  2. A second type of transistor was conceived…
  3. Small-scale integrated circuits are the name…
  4. Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 gates on a chip…
  5. …devised the bipolar transistor in 1948
  6. …about 25 years before bipolar transistors
  7. …given to the earliest generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)
  8. …but fewer than approximately 200
Вопрос 59

Match the parts of one sentence:

  1. Today’s IT managers are faced with the task…
  2. Another area where microelectronics has excelled is…
  3. For the past 20 years, …
  4. Microelectronics has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, …
  5. …of providing more services to more users
  6. …in the field of robotics
  7. …the design of computer processors has remained stable
  8. …making our routines a little more pleasant
Вопрос 60

Match the highlighted words with their meaning in the sentence:

  1. The primary goal of robotization is to raise the productivity of industrial processes and the quality of products
  2. Tomorrow, software applications may create real-world simulations so realistic that it will be difficult to tell whether people are looking at a computer monitor or out the window; however, such advancements will only be possible with significant performance improvements and low-cost computer technologies
  3. Multi-core processors also have the advantage of increasing performance without increasing power consumption, resulting in higher performance per watt
  4. The personal computer is the most recent example of human communication mediums
  5. asyndetic sentence
  6. object
  7. attribute
  8. attribute
Вопрос 61

Arrange the stages in the history of transistors in chronological order:

  1. manufacture of field-effect transistors
  2. use of vacuum tubes
  3. creating a bipolar transistor
Вопрос 62

Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?

  1. This is a description of photonics, which are an application of light generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing
  2. This is a description of nanoelectronics, because it refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. It is a set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively
  3. This is a description of microelectronics, because as the name suggests, microelectronics relate, to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components