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Ответы на тесты Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.dor_БАК_ПИвЭ, Б-И, МОиАИС

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138 вопросов 7 тестов в одном предмете Доступ 7 дней
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Бесплатные ответы на тесты по предмету «Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности» — Синергия и МТИ

Вопрос 1Ответ открыт бесплатно

It is important to ensure that the … data is accurate and relevant

  1. collecting
  2. is collecting
  3. collected✓ Правильный ответ
  4. collection
✓ Правильный ответ

collected

Вопрос 2

Making information accessible is a challenge that frequently causes problems for …

  1. schools
  2. children
  3. workers
  4. businesses
Вопрос 3

… are important because they promote inter-service interoperability, meaning exchanging and making use of information, and interoperability between various component systems within the same service

  1. Collecting information
  2. Making information available
  3. Legacy systems
  4. Standards
Вопрос 4

Engineers still have problems … with the use of standards, and quite often with their misuse and misunderstanding

  1. association
  2. associated
  3. associating
  4. associate
Вопрос 5

Data administrators, as well as policymakers, must keep a balance between two … aims

  1. opposite
  2. opposited
  3. opposition
  4. opposing
Вопрос 6Ответ открыт бесплатно

Nothing is more … to a user than to try to use a new system that has turned functionality that previously was easy to use, into an obscure procedure that is difficult to use

  1. frustrating✓ Правильный ответ
  2. frustrated
  3. frustration
  4. is frustrating
✓ Правильный ответ

frustrating

Вопрос 7

… is the person responsible for accomplishing all project objectives

  1. System architect
  2. Project manager
  3. System designer
  4. Change manager
Вопрос 8

The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser is …

  1. RTF
  2. SGML
  3. HTML
  4. WWW
Вопрос 9

… is a person who creates the high-level design of a technical system

  1. Project manager
  2. System architect
  3. Enterprise architect
  4. Business systems analyst
Вопрос 10Ответ открыт бесплатно

… is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically

  1. Database✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Database

Вопрос 11

Four different data groupings are possible based on the four different …

  1. data
Вопрос 12

Data … is the process of combining data from multiple sources into a single system or in close proximity to one another, such as on a display, so that the user may access them from a single platform

  1. aggregation
Вопрос 13Ответ открыт бесплатно

… is a difficulty that develops when a solution that works for a small data set fails to function for a much larger data set due to a combinatorial explosion, such as in comparands

  1. Scalability✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Scalability

Вопрос 14

It is necessary to establish information-sharing procedures that are basic and straightforward to use in order to ensure that … is accessed

  1. information
Вопрос 15

Duplication of effort, cost inefficiencies, lost business opportunities, medical catastrophes, and military disasters result from data access …

  1. failures;; failure
Вопрос 16Ответ открыт бесплатно

Joint organizations use standards on multiple levels – international, … and industry

  1. national✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

national

Вопрос 17

The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser is called … (give the abbreviation)

  1. HTML
Вопрос 18

Establish a correspondence between data types and their description:

  1. “A”
  2. “B”
  3. “C”
  4. “D”
  5. stands for the data that component administrators are ready to give
  6. stands for what they are unwilling to disclose
  7. stands for what the common, integrated information system requires
  8. stands for what no one wants to see in the system
Вопрос 19

Match the notions with the situations that describe them:

  1. Documentation
  2. Proprietary
  3. Data-model mismatch
  4. Security
  5. Users are not aware of specific data sets because your metadata is not published. When metadata is not widely available, users may not even know which data sets they need
  6. My unclassified data describe company secrets
  7. I have an object-oriented database and my database is relational
  8. I am not cleared to see your data
Вопрос 20Ответ открыт бесплатно

Arrange the stages of the development of the internet in chronological order:

  1. the first connection between Stanford and UCLA organisers, the emergence of ARPANET✓ Правильный ответ
  2. TCP/IP is introduced as a mandatory protocol for all computers connected to the ARPANET✓ Правильный ответ
  3. creation of the first Internet browser, Mosaic✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

the first connection between Stanford and UCLA organisers, the emergence of ARPANET ; TCP/IP is introduced as a mandatory protocol for all computers connected to the ARPANET ; creation of the first Internet browser, Mosaic

Вопрос 21

A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective, to create verb tense, or to create the passive voice. There are two types of participles: Present participle (ending -ing) and Past participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n). Find the passage, where there are both Participle 1 and Participle 2.

  1. “Data aggregation is the process of combining data from multiple sources into a single system or in close proximity to one another, such as on a display, so that the user may access them from a single platform. This gives users a significant edge because they have access to more resources without having to search. When data is gathered together, developers and system administrators can detect errors, superfluous information, and inconsistencies much more quickly. When data is aggregated, software developers and database administrators can begin to notice differences in common data sets and access methods. Data and knowledge are being grouped in order to improve databases and knowledge bases”
  2. “Engineers still have problems associated with the use of standards, and quite often with their misuse. Standards aid in the development of a good technical solution. However, they do not, by themselves, comprise the full solution. When users are in a hurry for a technical solution, they often overlook this and expect that the standards would address all of their difficulties”
  3. “Data access can be challenging due to a variety of issues. Why am I unable to view your information? The reasons are numerous and varied. The following are only a few of the many roadblocks to data availability”
Вопрос 22

Real-time operating systems (RTOS) … a special type of system software that is used to create and manage RTS

  1. is
  2. are
  3. was
  4. is to be
Вопрос 23Ответ открыт бесплатно

The time interval determines how often each of the active processes … receive control under the given time slicing parameters

  1. could
  2. can be
  3. can✓ Правильный ответ
  4. be able to
✓ Правильный ответ

can

Вопрос 24

Inheritance … that a thread that blocks a resource inherits the priority of the thread it blocks

  1. means
  2. mean
  3. ment
  4. is meaning
Вопрос 25

Some of the RTOS are distributed all over the world, the number of installations reaches hundreds of thousands, which is not bad for industrial systems, while others are designed for a specific microcontroller model and the number of copies sold … exceed two or three dozen

  1. do not
  2. did not
  3. does not
  4. were not
Вопрос 26Ответ открыт бесплатно

The disadvantage of the Self-Hosted RTOS is that most of the listed OS features are not used during the operation of an industrial computer and, therefore, … computer resources in vain

  1. take up✓ Правильный ответ
  2. took up
  3. took up
  4. will take up
  5. would take up
✓ Правильный ответ

take up

Вопрос 27

QNX … produced by QNX SoftWare Systems (USA) and is designed for high-critical applications that operate smoothly for years

  1. is
  2. was
  3. are
  4. were
Вопрос 28

The microkernel, process manager, device manager, file system manager, network manager belong to …

  1. ОСРВ VxWorks
  2. QNX RTOS
  3. ОСРВ OS-9
Вопрос 29

RTOS are operating systems that are characterized by … (choose 3 correct answers)

  1. high performance
  2. availability of monitoring tools
  3. support for various special equipment
  4. a runtime system and a development system
Вопрос 30Ответ открыт бесплатно

The interrupt latency is the time interval from …

  1. an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event✓ Правильный ответ
  2. the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended
  3. the end of the execution of the last instruction of one process (thread) to the start of the execution of the first instruction of the next process (thread)
  4. the end of the execution of the last user interrupt handler instruction to the execution of the first instruction of the process that entered the state due to this interrupt
✓ Правильный ответ

an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event

Вопрос 31

Limited … resources are determined by the hardware features of the PC on which the RTS is operating

  1. memory
Вопрос 32

When a new driver is added to the system, no side effects can occur in the form of, for example, a conflict with other …

  1. devices
Вопрос 33Ответ открыт бесплатно

… is a bottleneck in most operating systems and usually creates significant problems for RTOS

  1. Networking✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Networking

Вопрос 34

The … protocol is not based on any of the common network protocols such as IPX or NetBios and has a number of qualities that make it unique (give the abbreviation)

  1. FTL
Вопрос 35

… is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market, have been implemented in many hundreds of companies, including such well-known and large ones as Du Pont, Ferranti-Packard, General Motors, Kodak and others

  1. QNX
Вопрос 36

… by Microware System Corporation (USA) belongs to the class of UNIX-like systems and is a highly configurable high-performance real-time system

  1. OS-9
Вопрос 37Ответ открыт бесплатно

Match the systems and their characteristics:

  1. RTOS✓ Правильный ответ
  2. RTS✓ Правильный ответ
  3. POS✓ Правильный ответ
  4. MacOS✓ Правильный ответ
  5. a special type of system software that is used to create and manage RTS✓ Правильный ответ
  6. a specific system associated with a real object, processes. It includes the required hardware, operating system, and application software✓ Правильный ответ
  7. the first commercially successful operating system based on messaging as the only way to exchange information between cooperating processes✓ Правильный ответ
  8. a line of open core graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

RTOS = a special type of system software that is used to create and manage RTS ; RTS = a specific system associated with a real object, processes. It includes the required hardware, operating system, and application software ; POS = the first commercially successful operating system based on messaging as the only way to exchange information between cooperating processes ; MacOS = a line of open core graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers

Вопрос 38

Match the operating systems and their release dates:

  1. Linux
  2. QNX
  3. Android OS
  4. initial public release was in 1991 (kernel)
  5. initial public release was in 1982
  6. initial public release was in 2008
Вопрос 39

Match the units of data measurement with their characteristics:

  1. Byte
  2. Megabyte (Mb)
  3. Terabyte (TB)
  4. is made up of eight bits and represents a value between 0 and 255
  5. is approximately 1000 Gb
  6. is approximately 1000 kb, or the equivalent of one million characters
Вопрос 40Ответ открыт бесплатно

Match the operating systems and their characteristics:

  1. QNX RTOS✓ Правильный ответ
  2. ОСРВ VxWorks✓ Правильный ответ
  3. ОСРВ OS-9✓ Правильный ответ
  4. it supports scheduling up to 300 processes with 32 priority levels and 4 scheduling algorithms✓ Правильный ответ
  5. it supports unlimited number of tasks and has 256 levels of task priority✓ Правильный ответ
  6. support for Motorola, Intel 80386/486, Pentium, PowerPC series microprocessors✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

QNX RTOS = it supports scheduling up to 300 processes with 32 priority levels and 4 scheduling algorithms ; ОСРВ VxWorks = it supports unlimited number of tasks and has 256 levels of task priority ; ОСРВ OS-9 = support for Motorola, Intel 80386/486, Pentium, PowerPC series microprocessors

Вопрос 41

Arrange the units of measurement of the data in ascending order:

  1. bit
  2. byte
  3. kilobyte
  4. megabyte
  5. gigabyte
  6. terabyte
Вопрос 42

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints Give a proper explanation of the predictability of RTOS.

  1. RTOS must be able to adapt to downgrades/upgrades, or any modifications. Such provisions must be made during the design phase and installed in any RTOS
  2. RTOS must be able to execute actions within a specified time frame and produce excepted results. The targets, which get achieved, are set during the production phase or procedural planning
  3. Ultimately as with many other platforms, RTOS are designed to make the work easier. It does so by solving the problems provided, which therefore reduce the workload
Вопрос 43Ответ открыт бесплатно

The term “information…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies

  1. people
  2. society✓ Правильный ответ
  3. industry
  4. world
✓ Правильный ответ

society

Вопрос 44

Speaking about the development of the information society in Russia, I. N. Kurnosov writes that “the strategy for the formation of the information society in the transition period to a new system of property relations … take into account the special role and responsibility of the state”

  1. must
  2. should
  3. have to
  4. to have to
Вопрос 45

The information society is established in those countries – … – in which a post-industrial society was formed in the 60s and 70s

  1. in Brazil, Saudi Arabia, China
  2. in Japan, the USA, Western Europe
  3. in Indonesia, India, Singapore
  4. in Russia, Poland, Georgia
Вопрос 46

The network can serve as a means of … propaganda materials of criminal organizations, recipes for the manufacture of explosives and poisonous substances, weapons, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and methods for breaking electronic and other ciphers

  1. disseminating
  2. decreasing
  3. reduction
  4. removal
Вопрос 47Ответ открыт бесплатно

One of the advantages of Russia is an advantageous geographical location between trade and information and telecommunication flows …

  1. South-East
  2. West-East✓ Правильный ответ
  3. South-North
  4. North-East
✓ Правильный ответ

West-East

Вопрос 48

It … be noted that the problem of inequality in access to new information technologies is acute not only at the international level, but also at the micro level within each individual state

  1. must
  2. have to
  3. has to
  4. should
Вопрос 49

The term “developed post-industrial society” was introduced by …

  1. W. Martin
  2. I. Rakitov
  3. N. Kurnosov
  4. F. Machlup
Вопрос 50Ответ открыт бесплатно

The largest number of internet users currently in …

  1. China
  2. Russia
  3. the USA✓ Правильный ответ
  4. South Africa
✓ Правильный ответ

the USA

Вопрос 51

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, the main characteristics of the information society are information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life

  1. social
  2. cultural
  3. economic
  4. technological
Вопрос 52

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year is … (give the abbreviation)

  1. GPD
Вопрос 53Ответ открыт бесплатно

Information … must be viewed from two perspectives: as an independent industry, with its science, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities and as a basis for transformation of almost all areas of human activity

  1. technology✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

technology

Вопрос 54

A system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital is … economy

  1. knowledge
Вопрос 55

The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people, is called …

  1. inequality;; inequalities
Вопрос 56

The “information economy” and “post-industrial society”, two concepts from that period, are still key parts of the information … concept

  1. society
Вопрос 57Ответ открыт бесплатно

The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society

  1. postindustrial;; post-industrial✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

postindustrial;; post-industrial

Вопрос 58

A process of spreading the use of digital technology such as computers and the internet to do something is called …

  1. digitalization;; digitalisation
Вопрос 59

Match the main characteristics of the information society according to the following criteria by W. Martin:

  1. Technological
  2. Social
  3. Economic
  4. Political
  5. Cultural
  6. the key factor is information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life
  7. information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, “information consciousness” is formed and affirmed with wide access to information
  8. information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment
  9. freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus among different classes and social strata of the population
  10. recognition of the cultural value of information by promoting the assertion of information values in the interests of the development of the individual and society as a whole
Вопрос 60Ответ открыт бесплатно

Match the sentence with the time it was written:

  1. Economists, sociologists, and other researchers began to investigate the effects of telecommunications and computing technologies on mature industrial countries during the 1950s and 1970s
  2. For practically all of human history, labor has been sacral for the majority of people
  3. Gartner has been studying and publishing the dynamics of the emergence and development of information technology for several years
  4. The term “information society” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes
  5. Past Simple
  6. Present Perfect
  7. Present Perfect Continuous
  8. Present Simple
✓ Правильный ответ

Economists, sociologists, and other researchers began to investigate the effects of telecommunications and computing technologies on mature industrial countries during the 1950s and 1970s = Past Simple ; For practically all of human history, labor has been sacral for the majority of people = Present Perfect ; Gartner has been studying and publishing the dynamics of the emergence and development of information technology for several years = Present Perfect Continuous ; The term “information society” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes = Present Simple

Вопрос 61

Put the number of Internet users worldwide from the largest to the smallest:

  1. the USA
  2. China
  3. Russia
  4. Africa
Вопрос 62

According to the research company comScore Networks in 2019, the number of Internet users worldwide amounted to 747 million people. The United States has the largest audience of Internet users – 153.4 million people, that is, almost every second American regularly goes online. In second place is China – in China today 86.8 million Internet users. Russia still occupies 13th place in terms of the number of people connected to the Network – 12.7 million people. However, Africa with 800 million people accounts for only 1 % of the total number of its users in the world, with 90 % of them living in South Africa. Identify the type of information society problem in the above case study.

  1. labor unemployment
  2. inequality of countries and regions
  3. insecurity of personal data
Вопрос 63Ответ открыт бесплатно

… is the unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people

  1. Inequality✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Inequality

Вопрос 64

A user cannot send direct instructions to the hardware … various activities

  1. execute
  2. executes
  3. to execute
  4. to be executed
Вопрос 65

Because of the expense, the system’s productivity had to be increased … cost effectiveness

  1. assure
  2. assures
  3. to assure
  4. to be assured
Вопрос 66

The introduction of time-sharing systems, in particular, has long been regarded as a watershed moment in the evolution of … systems

  1. operating
  2. executing
  3. mediating
  4. monitoring
Вопрос 67Ответ открыт бесплатно

The …, which was introduced in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable

  1. photonics
  2. transistor✓ Правильный ответ
  3. microchip
  4. vacuum tube
✓ Правильный ответ

transistor

Вопрос 68

Microsoft Windows eventually surpassed Mac OS … the world’s most popular personal computer operating system, with over 90 % market share

  1. become
  2. becomes
  3. to become
  4. to be become
Вопрос 69

… created the first operating system for the IBM 701

  1. MIT
  2. Apple
  3. Samsung
  4. General Motors
Вопрос 70Ответ открыт бесплатно

… was developed by Bell Labs and was the first significant operating system to be written almost entirely in high-level language

  1. Unix
  2. Linux
  3. Multics✓ Правильный ответ
  4. Windows 95
✓ Правильный ответ

Multics

Вопрос 71

The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto computer concepts, was released in …

  1. 1923
  2. 1956
  3. 1984
  4. 2001
Вопрос 72

The type of operating system that is not directly linked to the computer is the … operating system

  1. batch
  2. distributed
  3. time-sharing
  4. multitasking
Вопрос 73

There are some of the potential benefits of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)

  1. they minimize the load on the host computer
  2. they require a high level of expertise to maintain
  3. they allow a faster exchange of data among users
  4. if the primary network fails, the entire system shuts down
Вопрос 74Ответ открыт бесплатно

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “There was no such thing when the first computers (develop) … following WWII”

  1. were developed✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

were developed

Вопрос 75

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A more systematic structure (form) … with the creation of ambitious operating systems in the mid-1960s”

  1. was formed
Вопрос 76

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations (construct) … in the mid-1940s”

  1. were constructed
Вопрос 77Ответ открыт бесплатно

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The transistor, which (introduce) … in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable”

  1. was introduced✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

was introduced

Вопрос 78

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The addition of support for Linux programs, which (reveal) … in 2018, was a big advance”

  1. was revealed
Вопрос 79

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A UNIX based operating system, Solaris (originally develop) … by Sun Microsystems in the mid-’90s”

  1. was originally developed
Вопрос 80Ответ открыт бесплатно

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Wireless network connectivity (also manage) … by mobile operating systems”

  1. is also managed✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

is also managed

Вопрос 81

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and lightweight games like Sudoku and chess (include) … by default, while GNOME Files is the default file manager”

  1. are included
Вопрос 82

Match the names of operating systems with their descriptions:

  1. Linux Fedora
  2. Ubuntu
  3. Solaris
  4. Free BSD
  5. it consists of software provided under a variety of open-source and free licenses
  6. it is available in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core (for internet of things, devices and robots)
  7. it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well
  8. it is a free UNIX based open-source software that is compatible with many platforms and boasts features such as speed and stability
Вопрос 83

Identify the sequence of generations of computers (by their description):

  1. huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations
  2. computers were mostly utilized for scientific and technical calculations, with FORTRAN and assembly code being the most used programming languages
  3. the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other
  4. computers with Large Scale Integration Circuits (LSI) and silicon chips with thousands of transistors  
Вопрос 84Ответ открыт бесплатно

The description of the generation of computers is down below: “Computers of this generation appeared, when IBM introduced the System/360, a line of software-compatible computers with varying levels of capability and price. Because the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other”. Which generation of computers is described in the text?

  1. This is a description of the first generation, which lasted from 1940s to 1950s, when word-oriented computers typically had a single accumulator and an extension, referred to as, e.g., Upper and Lower Accumulator, Accumulator and Multiplier-Quotient (MQ) register
  2. This is a description of the third generation, which lasted from 1965 to 1980s. These devices generally relied on early (sub-1000 transistor) integrated circuit technology. The third generation ends with the microprocessor-based fourth generation✓ Правильный ответ
  3. This is a description of the fourth generation, which has been lasting from 1970s to Present. he basis of the fourth generation is the microprocessor, a computer processor contained on a single large-scale integration (LSI) MOS integrated circuit chip
✓ Правильный ответ

This is a description of the third generation, which lasted from 1965 to 1980s. These devices generally relied on early (sub-1000 transistor) integrated circuit technology. The third generation ends with the microprocessor-based fourth generation

Вопрос 85

In the 1960s and 1970s, microcomputers and minicomputers became available to businesses and individuals. Thanks to what technology did it become possible?

  1. This was made possible by the creation of integrated circuit
  2. This was made possible by the creation of macro chips
  3. This was made possible by the creation of 4-bit processor
  4. This was made possible by the creation of UNIVAC
Вопрос 86

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from 1613. What did the “computer” use to mean before this word started to refer to devices?

  1. It was used for people who have a high level of intelligence
  2. It was used for a device which helped ships to calculate their latitude at sea
  3. It was used for people who performed repetitive mathematical operations
Вопрос 87Ответ открыт бесплатно

Cryptography is the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents. What does a massive use of cryptography lead to?

  1. Among other things, it leads to protection of accounting for payment by subscribers of a digital communication channel✓ Правильный ответ
  2. It leads to the dissemination of obscene materials that pose a threat to the moral foundations of society, because people feel free when they can act anonymously, distribute, buy and sell illegal materials with low chance of tracing them
  3. It leads to a significant improvement of the identification of people by automatic machines when crossing the borders of states
✓ Правильный ответ

Among other things, it leads to protection of accounting for payment by subscribers of a digital communication channel

Вопрос 88

An information society is a society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity. Which of the following statements is not true about the Information Society?

  1. The information society refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in modern countries, particularly since World War II
  2. According to Professor W. Martin attempted to formulate the main characteristics of the information society according to the Social and Technological criteria
  3. The information society has been formed decades ago, and therefore has been widely studied from different angles; experts have reached the consensus regarding the “Information Society” term
Вопрос 89

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute amplification of a weak current in an electronic circuit was to use a vacuum tube. What were the initial advantages transistors demonstrated over small vacuum tubes?

  1. Transistors had longer lifespan, were smaller and many of them could be placed on a single chip
  2. Transistors were larger, while consuming far less power. They were more reliable
  3. Small vacuum tubes’ production cost was much higher. Tubes’ material turned out to be harmful for people’s skin
Вопрос 90Ответ открыт бесплатно

Most businesses don’t want to deal with non-core tasks, which include the IT infrastructure. And if it has to pay for a data center, it has to function at maximum efficiency. Crisis situations are exacerbating resource shortages. Enterprises are cutting IT budgets, investing less in long-term projects in general and in data centers in particular. It is impossible to abandon IT altogether – it is equal to giving up doing business, but phased financing and speed of commissioning come to the fore. What do today’s IT managers face while having limited budgetary resources to expand data centers?

  1. Task of providing more services to more users, meeting ever-increasing performance expectations, storing and managing exponentially increasing amounts of data, better protecting the network, and ensuring system stability✓ Правильный ответ
  2. Mail to be lost when using postal mail, and neither the sender nor the receiver would know where the letter was or whether it had been delivered
  3. They face a lot of challenges as “hundreds of billions of dollars are spent annually on mobile phones, electronic devices, computers, and other microelectronic products, spawning an entire industry that did not exist a decade ago”
✓ Правильный ответ

Task of providing more services to more users, meeting ever-increasing performance expectations, storing and managing exponentially increasing amounts of data, better protecting the network, and ensuring system stability

Вопрос 91

A company deals with tasks which take a long time to complete. Each worker has their duties that can be done offline. It’s essential for managers to estimate how long a task will take to be completed. The company uses a time-sharing system and all the users are able to finish their work in the system at the same time. However they noticed their gadgets to slow down fast. Also the workers notice the inconvenience while managing large workloads. What may be causing these problems? What decision should the company make?

  1. The company wants to execute a lot of things at the same time, which is now impossible, so each worker needs to use different languages to get the job done. In their case the company should use Operating System
  2. Workers cannot send direct instructions to the complier to execute various activities since it is extremely difficult for the user to transform their request or instruction into one language. In their case the company should use Input/Output System
  3. The company uses a system that dedicates time to a certain activity and frequently switches between the computers, which is overloading while completing long tasks. In their case the company should use Batch System
Вопрос 92

A UNIX based operating system, was originally developed in the mid-’90s. Its major offerings include scalability, interoperability, data management and security, all of which are crucial for businesses that need high-end operating software. In addition to the above, it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well. Which operating system is described:

  1. Solaris, which is known as Oracle Solaris since 2010 when Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems
  2. Ubuntu, built on the architecture and infrastructure of Debian
  3. Free BSD, developed in the University of California by a large community
Вопрос 93

Artificial intelligence is becoming more standardized, making it more accessible to a subject-matter expert who isn’t necessarily a knowledge engineering expert. What standards are becoming more common accessible and useful today?

  1. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Remote Data Access (RDA)
  2. American National Admissions Institute (ANSI) Structured Join Language (SQL)
  3. Object Management Group (OMG) – Common Object Broker Architecture (CORBA)
  4. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML)
  5. Web Ontology Language (OWL), Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language, Win Interchange Format (KIF)
Вопрос 94Ответ открыт бесплатно

Data access can be difficult due to many problems. Which of the following situations describes the documentation problem?

  1. I need your information now or I won't be able to use it. The data transfer process is too slow, possibly unavailable. Because you have an older system, the migration process is too slow and inefficient. I must have immediate access to your data; otherwise your data will not help me
  2. The systems are not connected to the same network. Your data is too inconvenient to download. When the systems are not on the same network, downloading data can be too inconvenient. The widespread use of the World Wide Web has reduced the number of problems in this area, but separate networks will always exist
  3. Users are not aware of specific data sets because your metadata is not published. When metadata is not widely available, users may not even know what data sets they need✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Users are not aware of specific data sets because your metadata is not published. When metadata is not widely available, users may not even know what data sets they need

Вопрос 95

Martin Timmerman formulated the necessary requirements for an RTOS. Two of them are about priorities. Why the combination of priorities is necessary?

  1. The RTS software is a fixed set of pre-developed modules, and the choice of a program for execution is carried out by interrupts (based on the current state of the object) or in accordance with the scheduled work schedule
  2. It is the opposite of “necessary”, as the combination of thread priorities can lead to problems such as priority inversion and deadlock
  3. RTOS needs to share resources. There are a lot of real-time process and system resources for their operation must be available in advance
Вопрос 96

The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over 20 years, with more than 5 million installed copies. The range of OS-9 applications is wide – industrial automation, instrumental and measuring systems, military and space systems. Why has the OS-9 been so popular and widely used?

  1. Number of supported hardware platforms and the quality of that support; various development tools; advanced network facilities
  2. Unlimited number of tasks; it's the first commercial real-time OS designed for building highly reliable fault-tolerant systems
  3. Their protocol is not based on any of the common network protocols such as IPX or NetBios and has a number of qualities that make it unique; keeps specific hardware running smoothly
Вопрос 97Ответ открыт бесплатно

The last decade’s technological advancements have played a … part in the formation of modern society

  1. poor
  2. small
  3. significant✓ Правильный ответ
  4. inconsiderable
✓ Правильный ответ

significant

Вопрос 98

The development of integrated circuits and storage devices has continued at an exponential rate; each subsequent halving of component size now takes …

  1. one year
  2. five years
  3. two or three years
  4. four or six years
Вопрос 99

Nanoelectronics is the most … breakthrough in technical development

  1. perfect
  2. distant
  3. ancient
  4. recent
Вопрос 100Ответ открыт бесплатно

The early transistors were not only larger than the smallest tubes, but they were also more …

  1. expensive✓ Правильный ответ
  2. powerful
  3. low
  4. cheap
✓ Правильный ответ

expensive

Вопрос 101

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …

  1. less power
  2. more power
  3. less voltage
  4. more voltage
Вопрос 102

The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices

  1. list
  2. future
  3. number
  4. character
Вопрос 103

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the bipolar transistor in …

  1. 1935
  2. 1948
  3. 1964
  4. 1992
Вопрос 104Ответ открыт бесплатно

… integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)

  1. Small-scale✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Small-scale

Вопрос 105

The advent of ways for creating the numerous functional units on a crystal of semiconductor materials was critical to the development of …

  1. microelectronics
Вопрос 106

Charge carriers from both polarities are involved in the operation of … transistors

  1. bipolar
Вопрос 107Ответ открыт бесплатно

The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect …, which stands for MOSFET, is the most common in microelectronics

  1. transistor✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

transistor

Вопрос 108

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube

  1. vacuum
Вопрос 109

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … transistor in 1948

  1. bipolar
Вопрос 110

“Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than e.g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes

  1. memory
Вопрос 111Ответ открыт бесплатно

Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 … on a chip but fewer than approximately 200 (MSI)

  1. gates✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

gates

Вопрос 112

Match the abbreviations and transcripts:

  1. MSI
  2. ALU
  3. SSI
  4. LSI
  5. medium-scale integrated circuits
  6. arithmetic and logic unit
  7. small-scale integrated circuits
  8. large-scale integrated circuit
Вопрос 113

Match the parts of one sentence:

  1. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley…
  2. A second type of transistor was conceived…
  3. Small-scale integrated circuits are the name…
  4. Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 gates on a chip…
  5. …devised the bipolar transistor in 1948
  6. …about 25 years before bipolar transistors
  7. …given to the earliest generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)
  8. …but fewer than approximately 200
Вопрос 114Ответ открыт бесплатно

Match the parts of one sentence:

  1. Today’s IT managers are faced with the task…✓ Правильный ответ
  2. Another area where microelectronics has excelled is…✓ Правильный ответ
  3. For the past 20 years, …✓ Правильный ответ
  4. Microelectronics has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, …✓ Правильный ответ
  5. …of providing more services to more users✓ Правильный ответ
  6. …in the field of robotics✓ Правильный ответ
  7. …the design of computer processors has remained stable✓ Правильный ответ
  8. …making our routines a little more pleasant✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Today’s IT managers are faced with the task… = …of providing more services to more users ; Another area where microelectronics has excelled is… = …in the field of robotics ; For the past 20 years, … = …the design of computer processors has remained stable ; Microelectronics has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, … = …making our routines a little more pleasant

Вопрос 115

Match the highlighted words with their meaning in the sentence:

  1. The primary goal of robotization is to raise the productivity of industrial processes and the quality of products
  2. Tomorrow, software applications may create real-world simulations so realistic that it will be difficult to tell whether people are looking at a computer monitor or out the window; however, such advancements will only be possible with significant performance improvements and low-cost computer technologies
  3. Multi-core processors also have the advantage of increasing performance without increasing power consumption, resulting in higher performance per watt
  4. attribute
  5. asyndetic sentence
  6. object
Вопрос 116

Arrange the stages in the history of transistors in chronological order:

  1. use of vacuum tubes
  2. creating a bipolar transistor
  3. manufacture of field-effect transistors
Вопрос 117Ответ открыт бесплатно

Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?

  1. This is a description of photonics, which are an application of light generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing
  2. This is a description of nanoelectronics, because it refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. It is a set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively
  3. This is a description of microelectronics, because as the name suggests, microelectronics relate, to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

This is a description of microelectronics, because as the name suggests, microelectronics relate, to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components

Вопрос 118

The slide rule in its basic form uses … logarithmic scales to allow fast multiplication and division of numbers

  1. two
  2. three
  3. four
  4. five
Вопрос 119

Burroughs converted to electronic desk … and in the mid to late 1970s their products dropped from the market

  1. abacus
  2. memory
  3. calculators
  4. block note
Вопрос 120

In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …

  1. the Colossus
  2. the Turing machine
  3. the Differential Analyzer
  4. the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine
Вопрос 121Ответ открыт бесплатно

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from …

  1. 1575
  2. 1613✓ Правильный ответ
  3. 1753
  4. 1801
✓ Правильный ответ

1613

Вопрос 122

The explosion in world population and the rise of globalised trade demanded even faster and more flexible tools for processing …

  1. data
  2. trading
  3. building
  4. shipment
Вопрос 123

A general-purpose computing device called the analytical engine was developed in 1837 by …

  1. James Powers
  2. Vannevar Bush
  3. Charles Babbage
  4. William Seward Burrough
Вопрос 124Ответ открыт бесплатно

The … is a small-scale special-purpose electronic digital machine for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations and the first electronic computer incorporating vacuum tubes for digital computation

  1. Colossus
  2. Turing machine
  3. Differential Analyzer
  4. Atanasoff-Berry computer✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Atanasoff-Berry computer

Вопрос 125

… are made for program logic and for computer memory

  1. Monitors
  2. Usb-ports
  3. Vacuum tubes
  4. Microchips
Вопрос 126

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The power of computers (double) … roughly every 18 months to 2 years since the 1960s”

  1. has doubled
Вопрос 127Ответ открыт бесплатно

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “What will the computers of the future (look) … like?”

  1. look✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

look

Вопрос 128

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Displays (attain) … VGA resolution by 1988, and 256-color screens were available by 1993”

  1. have attained
Вопрос 129

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Resolutions and colors of computers (progress) … quickly by 2022”

  1. have progressed
Вопрос 130

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Years ago this service (can) … be used to run algorithms and experiments, and explore tutorials and simulations around what might be possible with quantum computing”

  1. could
Вопрос 131Ответ открыт бесплатно

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Around the same period Intel (create) … three microprocessor designs”

  1. created✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

created

Вопрос 132

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The microchip which (be) … a key component in the development of the personal computer”

  1. was
Вопрос 133

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “In 1944 Howard Aiken (develop) … Mark l that could perform calculations involving large numbers”

  1. developed
Вопрос 134Ответ открыт бесплатно

Match machines to their characteristics:

  1. Jacquard Loom✓ Правильный ответ
  2. Analytical Engine✓ Правильный ответ
  3. Z3✓ Правильный ответ
  4. Harvard Mark I✓ Правильный ответ
  5. punched wooden cards✓ Правильный ответ
  6. mechanical-digital computer✓ Правильный ответ
  7. fully automatic computing machine✓ Правильный ответ
  8. automatic sequence controlled calculator✓ Правильный ответ
✓ Правильный ответ

Jacquard Loom = punched wooden cards ; Analytical Engine = mechanical-digital computer ; Z3 = fully automatic computing machine ; Harvard Mark I = automatic sequence controlled calculator

Вопрос 135

Match computers to their characteristics:

  1. IBM
  2. Apple
  3. Mark 1
  4. ENIAC
  5. manufactured an easy-to-use computer with keyboard and mouse
  6. stands for International Business Machine
  7. the first computer
  8. stands Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
Вопрос 136

Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:

  1. abacus
  2. Napier’s bones
  3. Analytical Engine
  4. ENIAC
  5. UNIVAC
Вопрос 137

Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:

  1. Mark 1
  2. Atanasoff-Berry Computer
  3. Z1
  4. abacus
  5. EDVAC
Вопрос 138Ответ открыт бесплатно

The description of a type of microcomputer is down below: “This type of microcomputer is just like a Mobile Device, but bigger than Smartphone and smaller then Notebook Computer. Just like Totally Smartphone feature like Touch screen display, power full Battery Backup and we can calling and receiving call and click pictures and anything”. Find out, what kind of microcomputer it is.

  1. This is a description of the tablet✓ Правильный ответ
  2. This is a description of the laptop
  3. This is a description of the smartphone
✓ Правильный ответ

This is a description of the tablet

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